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The MMM synthesized by the former is more mechanically stable, and the latter is more flexible in operation, and it is easier to peel off the non-porous support from the substrate [9,67,91,92] Other MOF-based composite Pressure-assisted selfassembly (PASA) It deposits the filler and flexible layers of the filler onto the substrate [93] membranes Electrospinning It is used to prepare micron and submicron diameter microfiber polymer membranes with the advantages of low cost, continuous and scalable nanofabrication [94,95] Fine-tuning contra- diffusion It reduces mass transfer resistance and improves permeation flux on the basis of counterdiffusion [9,96,97] Solvent-free hot-pressing (HoP) It first forms an MOF layer on the substrate, and then applies the MOF uniformly to the substrate by the HoP method, which improves the robustness of the MOF coating [70,98] Phase transformation interfacial growth (PTIG) It uses a one-step process to prepare a polymer-supported MOF membranes [99] Gel-vapor deposition (GVD) It is a scalable and environmentally friendly way to produce ultra-thin MOF films [100] membranes; and (ii) we incorporate structural defects of MOF into the review, which has not been summarized to date, to explore the implication, formation and function of structural defects in enhancing MOF membranes for water treatment; (iii) we also place emphasis on MOF characterization to understand the surface, internal and interface structure for the regulation of MOF structure and the improvement of the anti-fouling and permeability for MOF membrane.
pressing method ,phase transformation interfacial growth (PTIG) and gel-vapor deposition (GVD).
Different from pre-synthesizing substrates to fabricate MOF- based composite membranes, Li group proposed a single-step phase change interface growth (PTIG) for the preparation of polymer-supported MOF membranes [99].
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